The constitution of Japan provides that “the whole judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as are established by law.” All courts on all levels are parts of a single system under the soul and complete administration of the Supreme Court. A jury system does not exist. The structure of the judicial system is as follows: the Supreme Court; 8 high courts in the eight principal geographical subdivisions of the country; 50 district courts in the principal administrative units; 50 family courts and 438 summery courts located throughout the country. The Diet as the sole law-making organ can change the organization of the courts by passing the necessary legislation, but the administration of the court system remains constitutionally vested in the Supreme Court. Law in Japan is very strict. The Supreme Court is headed by the chief justice, who is appointed by the emperor after designation by the cabinet. The other 14 justices are appointed by the cabinet. The constitution also provides that the Supreme Court is the court of last resort “with the power to determine the constitutionality of any law, order, regulation or official act.” The high courts are essentially appellate courts. They are courts of first instance for the crimes of insurrection, preparation for or plotting of insurrection and assistance in the acts enumerated. District courts have original jurisdiction over most cases, with the exception of offenses carrying minor punishment and few others reserved for other courts. In addition, they are courts of appeal for actions taken by the summery courts. Family courts came into existence in 1949. They have jurisdiction over such matters as juvenile crime, problems of minors, divorce, and disputes over family property. Summery courts have jurisdiction over minor cases involving ¥900,000 or less in claims or fines or offenses carrying lighter punishments.